Ko te ngoikore o te wai hou he wero nui ki te whakawhanaketanga hapori. E ai ki te korero ko te 29% o te taupori o te ao karekau he wai inu haumaru, kei te piki tonu te hiahia mo te wai ma na te tipu o te taupori me nga take taiao. He mea nui te wai ma e pa ana ki te horoi i roto i te horopaki o te pakarutanga o te mate coronavirus (Neocoronavirus pneumonia). Ko te whakaetonga wai hiko-a-ra e kiia ana ko tetahi o nga hangarau tino pai mo te whakaputa wai ma mai i te wai moana me te wai para ma te whakamahi i te ra hei whakaurunga hiko anake. Ko te hangarau e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki nga kaihoroi o te ra, e mahi ana hei whakaeto ki te huri i te hiko o te ra ki te wera hei whakaputa mamaoa. Ki te whakatutuki i nga reiti whakaetonga wai me te kaha o te huri o te wera o te ra, me nui te whakaurunga o te rauemi pai ki te whakamahi pai i te waahanga nui o te awhiowhio o te ra, te iti o te waiariki ki te peehi i te wera, me nga waahana e toru-ahu (3D) mo te kawe wai pai. I tenei wa, kua whakawhanakehia e nga kaiputaiao nga momo mea whakamaarama whakaahua i runga i te waro (hei tauira, te graphene, te ngongo waro ranei), nga polymers, nga konganuku me nga waikura whakarewa me o ratou ranu, aha atu.
Kei te whakapau kaha nga kaiputaiao ki te tuhura me te mahi i nga mahi maha i roto i nga tau tata nei, no reira me ako tatou mai i te maha o nga whakaputanga korero mo te ahunga whakamua rangahau i roto i te whakangao wai maa i nga tau tata nei.
- Whakawhitiwhiti Nature: Ko nga rau tipu e whakahihiri ana i te hiko o te ra, te tino pai o te horoi wai
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā rau o ngā tipu toto tūturu ki ngā rerekētanga o te pēhanga osmotic, te transpiration me te excretion hei whakaputa i te nui o te wai ma, e whakakahangia ana e te hihi o te rā. Nā tēnei i whakaohooho i ngā kairangahau o te rōpū a Chun Li i Te Whare Wānanga o Qinghua, kua pūrongohia he pūwero e whakahaerehia ana e te hihi o te rā hei whakapai me te whakaputa wai whai hua. Kei roto i tēnei pūwero e whakahaerehia ana e te hihi o te rā he hydrogel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PN) e aro ana ki te pāmahana kino e mau ana ki runga i te anga pahuka melamine superhydrophilic me te pania ki te kiriuhi tātari graphene (PG) kua whakarerekētia e te PNIPAm i waho. I whakaatuhia e ngā whakatauira hihiri ngota me ngā hua whakamātautau ko te āhua superhydrophilic o te anga melamine pakari te tere tere o te pupuhi/te tango pupuhi o te pūwero PNPG-F. I raro i te kaha o te hihi o te rā, i whakaratohia e tēnei hanganga i hangaia kia tika te kohikohinga 4.2 kg/m2/h me te tango ira > 99% mō te kotahi PNPG-F mai i te whāngai tote mā roto i ngā pānga synergistic o te mimiti me te tāpiri maturuturu. E whakaaro ana te kaituhi ki ngā tono nui mō tēnei pūnaha e whakahaerehia ana e te hihi o te rā tino whai hua i roto i ngā tono maimoatanga wai. I whakaputaina te rangahau hei pepa ko te taitara "Plant leaves inspired sunlight-driven purifier for high-efficiency clean water production" i roto i te Nature subjournal Nature communications.
- Te Whakatairanga Pūtaiao: Ko nga whatunga polymer tino whakamakuku o nga wai-a-marama mo te purenga wai o te ra.
Ko te whakaetonga wai o te ra mo te purenga wai he hangarau pai mo te hanga wai maori. Heoi, he kaha te whakangao kohu o te ra, ka iti te hanga wai i raro i te awatea. Na reira, he hiahia nui ki te whakawhanake i nga rauemi hou ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahia kaha mo te whakaetonga wai me te whakatere i te purenga wai o te ra. Ko te roopu a Ahorangi Guihua Yu i Austin, Texas, USA, i kii mai he hydrogel momi-marama (h-LAH) i tito mai i te waipiro polyvinyl me te chitosan hei tuara hydration me te polypyrrole hei kaihoro marama, ka iti ake te kaha (<50% o te rōrahi wai) ki te whakaeto wai. I whakaatuhia ko te whakanui ake i te kaha whakamakuku o te h-LAH ka taea te whakarereke i te ahua o te wai me te whakahohe i te wai, na reira ka pai ake te whakaetonga wai. Ko te h-LAH i nui ake te hanga kohu o te ra ki te rekoata o te ~3.6 kg/m2/h i te 1 ra. Ko te whakaetonga wai o te ra e ahu mai ana i te h-LAH i whakaatu hoki i te mauroa mo te wa roa me nga taonga whakangao ki nga poke katote uaua. I whakaputaina te rangahau i roto i te pepa e kiia ana "Ko nga rau tipu i whakaawe i te whakamaarama o te ra mo te hanga wai ma" i roto i te Science subjournal Science Advances.
- Angew: Ko nga rauemi COF me te superhydrophilicity me te roangaru whanui te whakauru marama mo te whakaetonga wai photothermal
Ko te hauwai me te iti o te whakauru marama o nga polymers pararopi maiengi, ina koa i roto i te rohe infrared (NIR) tata, e rua nga paatete e aukati ana i a raatau tono i roto i te whakangao tima solar (SSG). Kua whakawhanakehia e nga Kairangahau o te roopu Xiaoli Yan i te Whare Wananga o Jilin he anga kawa (COF) i runga i te 1,4,5,8 tetrakis(phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (TPAD) (TPAD-COF), e tohuhia ana e te superhydrophilicity me te whakaurunga marama whanui e hipoki ana i te SSG mai i te rohe UV / kitea katoa. Ko te TPAD-COF, he mea tino pai te hurihanga photothermal me te kore he taapiri, e whakaatu ana i te whakaetonga wai pai o te 1.42 kg/m2/h me te whakatutuki i te kaha hurihanga kaha teitei o te 94% i raro i te whakamaaramatanga o te ra kotahi. Ko te toronga atu o te awhe whakaurunga marama COF e ahu mai ana i te TPAD i tutuki ma te whakarereke i muri i te waihanga o nga ngota ngota BF2 chelated. Ko nga whakamatautau me nga tātaritanga nahanaha e whakapumau ana he mana nui ake te hauwai o te rauemi whakamaoritanga whakamaarama i roto i nga COF-a-TPAD o naianei e whakamahia ana mo te whakaetonga wai whakaahua. Ko te mahi rangahau, ko te ingoa "Superhydrophilic2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Efficient Solar Steam Generation," i whakaputaina i roto i te hautaka o te ao Angewise. I whakaputaina te mahi i roto i te hautaka o te ao o Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
- JACS: Hydrophilic-hydrophobic rua-rohe COF/graphene hydrogel mo te whakaetonga wai whakaahua
Ko te whakaetonga wai o te ra he hangarau rongoa wai toiwhi hei awhina i te koretake o te wai o te ao. Heoi, he nui nga wero kei roto i tenei hangarau na te nui o te whakapau kaha me te iti o te whakaetonga o te wai. Ko te roopu o Ahorangi Arne Thomas i te Whare Wananga Hangarau o Berlin, Tiamana, e whakaatu ana i te anga kawa (COF)/graphene rua-rohe hydrogel kei roto nga rohe hydrophilic me te hydrophobic i roto i te rauemi kotahi na roto i te rautaki tipu in situ. Ka kapi te COF hydrophilic i tetahi wahanga o te rohe graphene hydrophobic. Ma te whakahaere tika i nga rohe makuku e rua, ka whakaatuhia e te hydrogel hybrid te hauhake marama, te makuku, te pai o te wai, me te whakaiti i te hiahia mo te whakaetonga wai. Ka rite ki te absorber solar, te rua-rohe hydrogel ka tutuki te reiti whakangao kohu ki runga ki te 3.69 kg/m2/h mo te 1 irradiation solar (1kw/m2), e he rite ki etahi atu rauemi matatau. I tua atu, ka taea te whakamahi i tenei whakaetonga hydrogel ki te whakaputa wai inu mai i te wai moana me te parakaingaki, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te maimoatanga wai. I whakaputaina te mahi rangahau i roto i te pukapuka JACS hei "A Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Dual-Region Hydrogel for Enhanced Solar-Driven Water Generation", JACS, he hautaka o te ao.
- Pūtaiao whakamua: Wai rengarenga rau hanga-whakaoho teitei-kakama photothermal wai whakaetonga
I roto i nga tau tata nei, kua whakaatuhia e te whakangao kohu o te ra atanga te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te kaha o te huri o te hiko mo te whakamaarama me te maimoatanga wai para. Heoi, kare e taea te pupuri i nga reiti whakaetonga na te ahua kore e taea te kohi o te piro, te tote ranei ki runga i te kaihoroi ra. Ka tere te whakaheke i te pikinga o te kukū wairewa. Hei whakatutuki i tenei raruraru, i hangaia e te roopu a Prof. Jia Zhu i te Whare Wananga o Nanjing, na te hanganga o nga rau rengarenga wai, i hangaia he hanganga maha-waahanga (Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Structure (WHS) photothermal-vapor conversion device, e taea te whakatutuki i te 80% photothermal conversion efficiency i te wa e rongoa ana i te 10 wt% o te 30% o te wai parakore te utu. e kore e tino heke te kaha o te whakamaoritanga o te whakamaarama i te wa o te maimoatanga o te tote me te wai para kia oti ra ano te whakaetonga (arā, “kore te tukunga”), ka noho ma te mata i roto i te Science Advance i raro i te taitara “A Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Design for Stable and Efficient Solar Revaporation of High Salinity Brine”.
- Pūngao Nano: Molybdenum disulfide mo te whakaetonga wai whakaahua
Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau o te rōpū a Lifeng Wan i te Institute for Frontier Materials o Te Whare Wānanga o Deakin he raupapa o ngā hanganga heterostructures disulfide me te nitride whai rawa i te hauota mō te mimiti wai o te rā mā te whakawhiti karaihe wāhanga. Ina koa, ko ēnei hanganga heterostructures 2D matatau e whakaatu ana i te mimiti hihiko whakarei ake i roto i te whānuitanga infrared me te pumau matū pai rawa atu i roto i ngā otinga rerekē, tae atu ki te wai, ngā waikawa me ngā turanga. Ko te mea nui ake, nā te kaha mimiti hihiko whakarei ake me te hekenga o te ngaronga wera, ko te taputapu wera o te rā MoS2-Mo5N6/ melamine pahuka (MF) e whakaatu ana i te tere mimiti teitei (2.31 kg m-2h-1) me te pai o te huringa (106.6%), he 1.4 me te 4.7 ngā wā teitei ake i ērā o ngā taputapu rā MoS2/MF me MF/wai. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei mahi he raupapa o ngā hanganga heterostructures nitride whai rawa i te hauota 2D-2D matatau me te mahi photothermal pai rawa atu mō te whakaputa wai o te rā. I whakaputaina tēnei mahi ki roto i te Nano energy, he hautaka o te ao rongonui, ko "Advanced 2D-2D heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and nitrogen-rich nitrides for solar water generation".
Ko te hangarau whakaetonga wai photothermal solar e tika ana ki te whakaoti i te kore o te wai ma o te ao, ko te mea me whakatika inaianei ko te utu iti o nga rauemi photothermal, te mahi tino pai, me te pumau me te kawe o te whakamahi i roto i nga taiao tono mahi, me te titiro whakamua ki etahi atu hua kei te heke mai mo te painga moata mo nga tangata katoa!
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